I'm supporting faculty with accessibility at my community college/broad access college. I'm a social scientist and have used LaTeX, but I haven't pushed the boundaries of the Canvas editor at all.
Microsoft has recently improved its equation editor, and it provides lists of what it does and doesn't support, for MathML, LaTeX, and LaTeX mchem. I haven't found anything comparable for Canvas' equation editor, though there are examples of what Canvas supports for math LaTeX and chemistry LaTeX. (Or do those pages list all of the commands available?)
I believe the furthest our faculty go is Calculus 3 with analytic geometry and Organic Chemistry 2, but they sometimes do individual study with students that involve differential equations and more advanced chemistry. My sense is that Canvas' equation editor should be sufficient for these classes, but I'd appreciate any thoughts on that.